Intergenerational Child Care Support and the Fluctuating Fertility: A Note

This paper describes the relation between fertility and intergenerational child-care support provided by grandparents in a model based on the overlapping generations model with endogenous fertility. Results show that intergenerational child-care support causes fertility to fluctuate. This paper presents an alternative model of fluctuating fertility shown by the `Easterlin Hypothesis' described by Benhabib and Nishimura (1989), and others. Moreover, this paper shows that an increase in rewards for child care supplied by older people does not always increase child care. Consequently, younger people can not depend on sufficient intergenerational child-care support.Fluctuational fertility, Intergenerational child-care support

Microscopic Study of Nuclear "Pasta" by Quantum Molecular Dynamics

Structure of cold dense stellar matter at subnuclear densities is investigated with quantum molecular dynamics (QMD). We succeeded in showing that the phases with slab-like and rod-like nuclei etc. can be formed dynamically without any assumptions on the nuclear shape. Our result suggests the existence of these kinds of phases in neutron star crusts.Comment: to appear in Proceedings of YKIS01 "Physics of Unstable Nuclei", Kyoto, December, 2001 (supplement volume of Prog. Theor. Phys.

Homogeneous Connectivity of Potential Energy Network in a Solidlike State of Water Cluster

A novel route to the exponential trapping-time distribution within a solidlike state in water clusters is described. We propose a simple homogeneous network (SHN) model to investigate dynamics on the potential energy networks of water clusters. In this model, it is shown that the trapping-time distribution in a solidlike state follows the exponential distribution, whereas the trapping-time distribution in local potential minima within the solidlike state is not exponential. To confirm the exponential trapping-time distribution in a solidlike state, we investigate water clusters, $($H${}_2$O$)_6$ and $($H${}_2$O$)_{12}$, by molecular dynamics simulations. These clusters change dynamically from solidlike to liquidlike state and vice versa. We find that the probability density functions of trapping times in a solidlike state are described by the exponential distribution whereas those of interevent times of large fluctuations in potential energy within the solidlike state follow the Weibull distributions. The results provide a clear evidence that transition dynamics between solidlike and liquidlike states in water clusters are well described by the SHN model, suggesting that the exponential trapping-time distribution within a solidlike state originates from the homogeneous connectivity in the potential energy network.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure

Fasting period after Rybelsus administration influences clinical benefit

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have been attracted attention for various beneficial effects. Among them, oral semaglutide (Rybelsus) was developed using the absorption enhancer sodium N-(8-[2-hydroxybenzoyl] amino) caprylate (SNAC). The relationship between the bioavailability and post-dose fasting time period was analyzed. The results showed that i) its bioavailability with drinking 50mL and 120mL of water together was almost similar, ii) bioavailability for 240mL intake was about 2/3 of 50-120mL, iii) general availability would be about 1.4% for 50-120ml water, and 0.8% for 240mL of water. Tolerability and safety of Rybelsus showed similar results for healthy subjects, patients with renal and/or hepatic impairment. From mentioned above, Rybelsus has been one of the topic agents with characteristic mechanism of SNAC and clinical benefit of GLP-1RA. It will be expected to be applied widely in actual diabetic practice